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I0OJJ  > SYSOP    23.03.08 23:00l 685 Lines 30771 Bytes #999 (0) @ ITA
BID : N3II0OJJ_05J
Read: GUEST IZ3LSV
Subj: H-addr/FWD designators
Path: IZ3LSV<IW2OHX<IK2QCA<I4UKI<I0OJJ
Sent: 080323/2027z @:I0OJJ.ILAZ.ITA.EU [Colleferro] obcm1.07b3
From: I0OJJ @ I0OJJ.ILAZ.ITA.EU (Gus)
To:   SYSOP @ ITA
X-Info: Sent with login password


Ciao a tutti,
ho provato a mandare questo msg come SP sia a Marco IW2OHX e sia
a Mirco IK4XQC ma ho visto che obcm *stranamente*,indirizza
tutto il traffico SP verso IQ0LT... ma questo non sarebbe un problema
se poi i msgs venissero forwardati verso le destinazioni volute.
Questa cosa *strana* non era mai successa prima che fosse operante il
nodo XNET... poi vedremo insieme anche questo fatto...  e come fare
per forzare le routes SP verso un PBBS anziche' quello che sceglie il
sistema obcm.
Ho parlato di XNET, ma puo' darsi che questa volta non c'entri, HI!
Siccome la 'nota tecnica' allegata e' in inglese, la potranno leggere
anche gli altri SysOp del mondo visto che anche i msgs @ITA vengono
forwardati dappertutto... ho trovato i miei SB@ITA in Giappone e
negli USA e credo che siano arrivati dappertutto... poco male!
Va bene... comunque siccome il sistema del forwarding funziona
secondo certe precise regole che sono state anche fin troppo
dettagliate nel documento... allora leggete attentamente e poi
trattiamo la compilazione dei files di forwarding per i sistemi
(x)fbb e obcm che vanno per la maggiore.
Buono studio.
73,
Gus i0ojj 
---------------------------------cut here--------------------------------
Ciao Marco,
ti invio uno studio sul problema del forwarding che dibattevamo intorno
all'anno 2000, come vedi la materia ritorna sempre di attualita'.
Nell'ANNEX 1 c'e' il dettaglio dell'indirizzo gerarchico delle regioni
italiane con le 'call areas' stabilite dal Ministero delle Comunicazioni.
Da notare anche che gran numero di PBBS c'erano ancora nel 2000!!!
73,
Gus i0ojj   
---------------------------------cut here------------------------------- 

From        : I0OJJ
To          : SYSOP @WW
Type/Status : PF
Date/Time   : 22-Jun-00 13:55
Bid (MID)   : 40142-I0OJJ
Message nr  : 564430
Title       : H-addr/FWD designators


Hello all,
recent msgs originating in Europe  and some requests from SysOps  to translate
into English  language a  document (see  ref. 4  of attached text), concerning
some notes about 'Forwarding designator elements' written in italian language,
prompt me  to collect,  and then,  studying and  synthetizing, the most recent
'official' documentation, with the aim  also to revisit and up-to-date our ham
documentation.
I hope to  be suceeded in  elaborating the present  work and that,  this might
help  someone  on  the  matter  and so,  as  a  contribute  for  all ham-radio
community.
--
73 de Gus i0ojj

------------------------------cut here--------------------------------------


                                           22 June 2000

   HIERARCHICAL ADDRESSES AND FORWARDING DESIGNATOR ELEMENTS
     (A revisited and up-to-dated proposal for packet-radio
      *standards* by Gus, i0ojj)

   References:
   -----------
   1. BBS Hierarchical Addressing Protocol - Dave Wolf,  WO5H  et
      al. - August 30th, 1994.
   2. International  Routing  Designators - Jenkins, Lew N6VV  et
      al. - October 1, 1988.
   3. Some   comments  on  the  Hierarchical  Continent   Address
      Designator - Clark, Tom W3IWI - September 22, 1990.
   4. Elementi designatori del forwarding  (only IT) - Gus Ponza,
      I0OJJ - 5 February 1998  (up-to-dated and superseded by the
      present proposal).
   5. Working  Paper  on  Creation of  Dot-EU  Top-Level Domain -
      European Commission - 2 February  2000 - approved last days
      also at level of individual Governments of European Union.
   6. Countries  or  areas,  codes and abbreviations - revised 16
      February 2000 (ISO ALPHA-3 code).
   7. Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions and
      component geographical regions - revised 16 February 2000.
   8. Various documentation  collected from packet-radio  network
      during about a decade as PBBS SysOp.


   Foreword:
   ---------
     The  following  would be a *further*  attempt  to define the
   information  that  should be placed in the  "TO"  and the  "@"
   portions of a message.
     These  info  will  help  to comprise the HIERARCHIAL ADDRESS
   of  a  message  and consequently it concerns with the  correct
   compilation of forwarding files.

     The  two  types  of  messages  that  are  discussed here are
   PERSONAL and BULLETINS.


     If it is a Personal message, the first line that is sent may
   look like    |
    this:       +---+-------------- (S)end the (P)ersonal message
                    |      +------- (TO) IK1GKJ
                    |      |   +--- distribute to the PBBS IK1MSL
                    |      |   |    located in Piemonte region
                    |      |   |    in ITA
                    |      |   |    in EUROPE
                   -+ -----+   +-----------------
   example 1:      SP IK1GKJ @ IK1MSL.IPIE.ITA.EU
   ----------

   Or, if it is a Bulletin, it may look something like this:
                  |
                  +-----+------- (S)end a (B)ulletin
                        |   +-- addressed (TO) anyone interested
                        |   |          to (AMSAT) informations
                        |   |     +- distribute to the geographic
                        |   |     |  location (Lazio region)
                       -+ --+--   +---
   example 2:          SB AMSAT @ ILAZ
   ----------

     In  example 1 the message being sent is Personal and needs a
   specific GEOGRAPHIC HIERARCHICAL address. The hierarchy of the
   address  is  parsed  from  right  to  left  and identifies the
   location  of the station to whom the message is addressed. The
   format of that address is as follows:



    +---- Send Personal                       +- AF - Africa
    |                                         +- NA - NAmerica
   -+                                         +- SA - SAmerica
   SP IK1GKJ @ IK1MSL.IPIE.ITA.EU             +- AS - Asia
      +-----   +----- +--- -+-  |             +- EU - Europe
      |        |      |     |   +- CONTINENT -+- OC - Oceania
      |        |      |     |      (see Note 2)
      |        |      |     +-- COUNTRY -----+- PRT - Portugal
      |        |      |         (see Note 2) +- ESP - Spain
      |        |      +-- REGION             +- FRA - France
      |        |          (see Note 1)       +- xxx - yyyyyyy
      |        +-- DESTINATION PBBS CALLSIGN
      +---- ADDRESSEE CALLSIGN


     NOTE 1:
     -------

     In our italian system,  the administrative part  (and also a
   manageable area for packet-radio purposes) wich  characterizes
   a distinct *geographical area*  below  the  *country area*  is
   called Region (there are 20 Regions  wich,  in some instances,
   identify also a *call area*)  and to wich  we can  (or *must*)
   address the forwarding, in a  well defined mode,  without  any
   possible ambiguity of *geographic route*. See Annex 1.
     The  just done considerations make clear that adding another
   field to our r-lines between, PBBS callsign and Region, filled
   for  example  with  the  abbreviation  (numberplate)   of  our
   (italian) 'provinces' (in many instances  a  consistent number
   within each region), prefixed  with,  or without a  '#'  sign,
   besides  being  useless (unproductive) as per forwarding rule,
   could be lead  also  (in general)  to  an  incorrect  messages
   routing.


     NOTE 2:
     -------
     The Country and Continental H designators are *ignored* when
   the message is  in its particular domain.  Example:  in  a msg
   wich  originates  inside  Lazio  region  and  addressed  to  a
   station   of   the  same  region,  the  Nation  and  Continent
   designators (.ITA.EU) will be ignored.


   Proposal:
   ---------
     The  *general*  format,  wich  could be represent almost all
   over the world realities follows:


    +---- Send Personal
   -+
   sp call @ pbbs.region.state.country.continent
      (a)    (a)   (b)    (c)    (d)     (e)

     (a)  =  valid callsigns  as  defined by local communications
             autority.

     (b)  =  may  be  a  'Region',  an  'Area routing number',  a
             'Sub-region';
             *or*
             any  other  'large'  Administrative/Postal  district
             existing   *below*  the  Country,   or  *below*  the
             State/Province  areas  (as defined into the next (c)
             note).
             This field *MUST* be defined by each Country.

     (c)  =  the  names of 'States' or 'Provinces' into wich some
             Countries are subdivided.  This field  is applicable
             *ONLY* for such a systems in  wich this situation is
             foreseen.  Classic situations  in  wich  'State'  or
             'Province'  applies are, for example:  USA 'states',
             Canada 'provinces',    Mexican 'states',     Chinese
             'provinces',    Brasilian    'states',    Australian
             'provinces'(?) an so on;  for  all  other  countries
             this field *must* not exist.
             At the risk to be repetitious I  guess  that,  while
             the reference to the  "State"  appear  be  generally
             understood,  that  for  "Province",   *not yet*,  in
             particular, in this  context,  I  would  stress  the
             the concept that we refer to the word "Province"  as
             that, *exclusively*  applicable to those very  large
             areas  as for  the  above  examples  and  for  other
             equivalent situations;  all other applications are a
             very big error.

     (d)  =  the  names  of  'Countries'  or  'Areas' code as per
             International  Standard  ISO 3166-1,  Codes for  the
             representation of names  of  countries   and   their
             subdivisions-Part 1: Country codes, ISO 3166-1: 1997
             (E/F), International Organization on Standardization
             (Geneva 1997);
             (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.4/WWW  revised 16 February
             2000). See Annex 2.

     (e)  =  the 'Continent'  in accordance with  'Composition of
             macro   geographical  (continental)   regions    and
             component of geographical regions' as excerpted from
             the  United  Nations  publication  in  press,   also
             revised 16 February 2000:

             Note: No  ISO ALPHA-x code  has  been  foreseen  for
                   Continent's   designation   into   the   above
                   official  documentation  and  others   (United
                   Nations, NATO, EEC, UEO, etc.)  as per  my own
                   knowledge.

             Code proposed  by  myself  as  *standard*  for  each
             'Continent'  or  'Particular groups of  geographical
             Regions' is defined by a *two letter* code.

             Africa - (Eastern Africa,  Middle Africa,  Northern
                       Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa).
             Code AF

             Americas:

             North America - (Northern America, Caribbean and
                              Central America).
             Code NA

             South America
             Code SA

             Asia - (Eastern Asia, South-central Asia, South-
                     eastern Asia, Western Asia)
             Code AS

             Europe - (Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern
                       Europe, Western Europe)
             Code EU

             Oceania - (Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia,
                        Micronesia, Polynesia)
             Code OC


     In  example  2  the  message  being  sent  is a Bulletin. In
   Bulletins  the  hierarchy  of the address is expressed in both
   the  TO (expressing an AREA OF INTEREST) and the @ (expressing
   the GEOGRAPHICAL ADDRESS) namely, the portion  of the  address
   wich identifies the DISTRIBUTION AREA.
     This will forward using the address found after  the  @ PBBS
   field.


   Send Bulletin -+       +-----------  TO portion of address
                  |       |             wich identifies the
                  |       |             AREA OF INTEREST
                  |       |
                  |       |   +-------  @ portion of address wich
                  |       |   |         identifies and limits the
                  +- -----+   +-----    GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
                  SB AAAAAA @ DDDDDD

     The  TO  portion  identifies  the  AREA  OF  INTEREST, which
   usually  is  a topic such as DX, HELP, FBB, SAT, etc. It helps
   identify  the  population  of  persons who have an interest in
   reading the Bulletin.

     The @ portion of the message narrows the distribution of the
   Bulletin  to  specific  GEOGRAPHIC AREAS (e.g. ITA, ILAZ, IPIE
   etc.) and, in a few rare cases to a broad *topical area* (e.g.
   SYSOP, AMSAT).

   Some examples:
   --------------
   SB HAMFST @ ILAZ   advertise ham for a HamFest in Lazio
   SB DX     @ ITA    a DX bulletin for distribution (whole ITA)
   SB USERS  @ I0OJJ  Information for users of I0OJJ PBBS
   SB JNOS   @ WW     for Hams concerned in JNOS (whole world)


     The  following are examples of the *information* that should
   be  placed in the TO position of a BULLETIN. They identify the
   AREA   OF   INTEREST   (they   are  proposed  from  myself  as
   'standard'):

    |ALL     All packet stations (see note below)
    |TUTTI   All packet stations in Italy (see note below)
    |?????   Every nation useing the equivalent expression
    |        within its territory (ALLE for DE, TOUS for FRA etc)
    |AMSAT   Satellites info
    |ARI     ARI bulletins (an IT ham club)
    |ARRL    ARRL bulletins (USA ham league)
    |BAYCOM  BayCom PBBS and pkt terminal info
    |CALLS   last calls issued from national authority
    |CISAR   CISAR bulletins (an IT ham club)
    |CLUB    Club events/meet/etc.
    |DX      DX reports and info
    |EVENT   announcement
    |FBB     FBB PBBS info
    |FBB7    7plus msgs about F6FBB server and related utilities
    |or
    |FBB_7   7plus msgs about F6FBB server and related utilities
    |        (the same 'formula' as per above examples to be
    |        applied for all existing SW to be splitted into
    |        7plus parts)
    |HAMFST  Hamfest/flea market info.
    |HELP    need help, questions
    |INFO    General information
    |JNOS    JNOS and related info
    |xNOS    (for other SW as TNOS, UKNOS etc.)
    |KEPS    Keplerian Elements (satellites)
    |LIST    Lists, PBBSs, Nodes, Freqs
    |MBLBBS  MBL PBBS info
    |MAPKEY  Index or lists of maps
    |MODS    re: equipment mods.
    |MSYS    MSYS PBBS info
    |NETWRK  packet network info.
    |PUBSVC  Public service info.
    |REBBS   AA4RE PBBS info
    |RLIBBS  RLI PBBS info
    |RTTY    RTTY news
    |SAT     Satellite info
    |SPACE   Space News
    |SPLIT   Generic prg msgs coded in 7plus
    |SYSOP   For SYSOPS only!
    |TCPIP   TCPIP information
    |TPK     TPK prg info
    |TSTH    TSTHost prg info
    |TSTHW   TSTHost prg for WIN9x
    |WINPAK  WinPack prg info
    |?????   All other packet PBBS/Pkt terminal prgs
    |USERS   All users of a single PBBS
    |VIRUS   All news and AntiVirus software
    |(to be continued)
    +------------------+----------------------------------------
                       |
    Msg#    TSLD  Dim  To   @BBS    From  Date/Time Title
    564146  B$   9045 SYSOP  WW     I0OJJ 0619/2327 ROUTINGS


    NOTE for ALL (TUTTI) - Use the ALL designation sparingly.
                           Instead, use the GEOGRAPHIC ADDRESS
                           along with an AREA OF INTEREST
                           i.e.:  TSTH @ ITA
                                   FBB @ EU
                                  INFO @ ILAZ


     The following are examples of the information that should be
   placed  in the @ BBS position of a BULLETIN. They identify the
   GEOGRAPHIC ADDRESS.

    |ITA      National distribution
    |ILAZ     For distribution to Lazio Region only
    |ROMA     For distribution to Province of Rome only
    |EU       For distribution in EU domain
    |WW       For distribution all over the world
    |USA      For distribution in all United State of America
    |FRA      For distribution in France
    |AMSAT    National AMSAT info.
    |
    |(to be compleded for each country area)
    +--------------------------+--------------------------------
                               |
                             --+
    Msg#    TSLD  Dim  To   @BBS    From  Date/Time Title
    564146  B$   9045 SYSOP  WW     I0OJJ 0619/2327 ROUTINGS

    --
    73 es QRO de Gus i0ojj



   Annex 1:
   --------

   REGIONAL DESIGNATOR FOR HIERARCHICAL PACKET ADDRESSING SYSTEM
   FOR ITALY (by Gus i0ojj).

   Italy consists of 20 administrative Regions (as of June 2000)


    +- Numeric part of callsign assigned to the Region
    |
    |  +- Part of hierarchical address (region.country.continent)
    |  |
    |  |             +- Name of Administative   +- PBBS active as
    |  |             |  Regions                 |  of 20 Jun 2000
   -+  +-----------  +------------------------  +--  (total 206)
   0   .ilaz.ita.eu  Lazio                       16
   0   .isar.ita.eu  Sardegna                     8
   0   .iumb.ita.eu  Umbria                       6
   1   .ilig.ita.eu  Liguria                      7
   1   .ipie.ita.eu  Piemonte                    18
   1   .ivda.ita.eu  Valle d'Aosta                1
   2   .ilom.ita.eu  Lombardia                   30
   3   .ifvg.ita.eu  Friuli Venezia Giulia        7
   3   .itaa.ita.eu  Trentino Alto Adige          6
   3   .iven.ita.eu  Veneto                      16
   4   .iemr.ita.eu  Emilia Romagna              13
   5   .itos.ita.eu  Toscana                     16
   6   .iabr.ita.eu  Abruzzo                      7
   6   .imar.ita.eu  Marche                      12
   7   .ibas.ita.eu  Basilicata (MT prov. only)   1
   7   .ipug.ita.eu  Puglia                       7
   8   .ibas.ita.eu  Basilicata (PZ prov. only)   1
   8   .ical.ita.eu  Calabria                     7
   8   .icam.ita.eu  Campania                     9
   8   .imol.ita.eu  Molise                       1
   9   .isic.ita.eu  Sicilia                     17



   Annex 2:
   --------

   COUNTRIES OR AREAS, CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS

   revised 16 February 2000
   (listing in alphabetical order)

   Country or area name                          ISO ALPHA-3
                                                 code

   Afghanistan                                   AFG
   Albania                                       ALB
   Algeria                                       DZA
   American Samoa                                ASM
   Andorra                                       AND
   Angola                                        AGO
   Anguilla                                      AIA
   Antigua and Barbuda                           ATG
   Argentina                                     ARG
   Armenia                                       ARM
   Aruba                                         ABW
   Australia                                     AUS
   Austria                                       AUT
   Azerbaijan                                    AZE
   Bahamas                                       BHS
   Bahrain                                       BHR
   Bangladesh                                    BGD
   Barbados                                      BRB
   Belarus                                       BLR
   Belgium                                       BEL
   Belize                                        BLZ
   Benin                                         BEN
   Bermuda                                       BMU
   Bhutan                                        BTN
   Bolivia                                       BOL
   Bosnia and Herzegovina                        BIH
   Botswana                                      BWA
   Brazil                                        BRA
   British Virgin Islands                        VGB
   Brunei Darussalam                             BRN
   Bulgaria                                      BGR
   Burkina Faso                                  BFA
   Burundi                                       BDI
   Cambodia                                      KHM
   Cameroon                                      CMR
   Canada                                        CAN
   Cape Verde                                    CPV
   Cayman Islands                                CYM
   Central African Republic                      CAF
   Chad                                          TCD
   Channel Islands                               ---
   Chile                                         CHL
   China                                         CHN
   Hong Kong Special Administrative              HKG
   Region of China
   Macao Special Administrative Region of China  MAC
   Colombia                                      COL
   Comoros                                       COM
   Congo                                         COG
   Cook Islands                                  COK
   Costa Rica                                    CRI
   Cote d'Ivoire                                 CIV
   Croatia                                       HRV
   Cuba                                          CUB
   Cyprus                                        CYP
   Czech Republic                                CZE
   Democratic People's Republic of Korea         PRK
   Democratic Republic of the Congo              COD
   Denmark                                       DNK
   Djibouti                                      DJI
   Dominica                                      DMA
   Dominican Republic                            DOM
   East Timor                                    TMP
   Ecuador                                       ECU
   Egypt                                         EGY
   El Salvador                                   SLV
   Equatorial Guinea                             GNQ
   Eritrea                                       ERI
   Estonia                                       EST
   Ethiopia                                      ETH
   Faeroe Islands                                FRO
   Falkland Islands (Malvinas)                   FLK
   Fiji                                          FJI
   Finland                                       FIN
   France                                        FRA
   French Guiana                                 GUF
   French Polynesia                              PYF
   Gabon                                         GAB
   Gambia                                        GMB
   Georgia                                       GEO
   Germany                                       DEU
   Ghana                                         GHA
   Gibraltar                                     GIB
   Greece                                        GRC
   Greenland                                     GRL
   Grenada                                       GRD
   Guadeloupe                                    GLP
   Guam                                          GUM
   Guatemala                                     GTM
   Guinea                                        GIN
   Guinea-Bissau                                 GNB
   Guyana                                        GUY
   Haiti                                         HTI
   Holy See                                      VAT
   Honduras                                      HND
   Hungary                                       HUN
   Iceland                                       ISL
   India                                         IND
   Indonesia                                     IDN
   Iran (Islamic Republic of)                    IRN
   Iraq                                          IRQ
   Ireland                                       IRL
   Isle of Man                                   IMY
   Israel                                        ISR
   Italy                                         ITA
   Jamaica                                       JAM
   Japan                                         JPN
   Jordan                                        JOR
   Kazakhstan                                    KAZ
   Kenya                                         KEN
   Kiribati                                      KIR
   Kuwait                                        KWT
   Kyrgyzstan                                    KGZ
   Lao People's Democratic Republic              LAO
   Latvia                                        LVA
   Lebanon                                       LBN
   Lesotho                                       LSO
   Liberia                                       LBR
   Libyan Arab Jamahiriya                        LBY
   Liechtenstein                                 LIE
   Lithuania                                     LTU
   Luxembourg                                    LUX
   Madagascar                                    MDG
   Malawi                                        MWI
   Malaysia                                      MYS
   Maldives                                      MDV
   Mali                                          MLI
   Malta                                         MLT
   Marshall Islands                              MHL
   Martinique                                    MTQ
   Mauritania                                    MRT
   Mauritius                                     MUS
   Mexico                                        MEX
   Micronesia, Federated States of               FSM
   Monaco                                        MCO
   Mongolia                                      MNG
   Montserrat                                    MSR
   Morocco                                       MAR
   Mozambique                                    MOZ
   Myanmar                                       MMR
   Namibia                                       NAM
   Nauru                                         NRU
   Nepal                                         NPL
   Netherlands                                   NLD
   Netherlands Antilles                          ANT
   New Caledonia                                 NCL
   New Zealand                                   NZL
   Nicaragua                                     NIC
   Niger                                         NER
   Nigeria                                       NGA
   Niue                                          NIU
   Norfolk Island                                NFK
   Northern Mariana Islands                      MNP
   Norway                                        NOR
   Occupied Palestinian Territory                PSE
   Oman                                          OMN
   Pakistan                                      PAK
   Palau                                         PLW
   Panama                                        PAN
   Papua New Guinea                              PNG
   Paraguay                                      PRY
   Peru                                          PER
   Philippines                                   PHL
   Pitcairn                                      PCN
   Poland                                        POL
   Portugal                                      PRT
   Puerto Rico                                   PRI
   Qatar                                         QAT
   Republic of Korea                             KOR
   Republic of Moldova                           MDA
   Réunion                                REU
   Romania                                       ROM
   Russian Federation                            RUS
   Rwanda                                        RWA
   Saint Helena                                  SHN
   Saint Kitts and Nevis                         KNA
   Saint Lucia                                   LCA
   Saint Pierre and Miquelon                     SPM
   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines              VCT
   Samoa                                         WSM
   San Marino                                    SMR
   Sao Tome and Principe                         STP
   Saudi Arabia                                  SAU
   Senegal                                       SEN
   Seychelles                                    SYC
   Sierra Leone                                  SLE
   Singapore                                     SGP
   Slovakia                                      SVK
   Slovenia                                      SVN
   Solomon Islands                               SLB
   Somalia                                       SOM
   South Africa                                  ZAF
   Spain                                         ESP
   Sri Lanka                                     LKA
   Sudan                                         SDN
   Suriname                                      SUR
   Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands                SJM
   Swaziland                                     SWZ
   Sweden                                        SWE
   Switzerland                                   CHE
   Syrian Arab Republic                          SYR
   Taiwan Province of China                      TWN
   Tajikistan                                    TJK
   Thailand                                      THA
   The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia     MKD
   Togo                                          TGO
   Tokelau                                       TKL
   Tonga                                         TON
   Trinidad and Tobago                           TTO
   Tunisia                                       TUN
   Turkey                                        TUR
   Turkmenistan                                  TKM
   Turks and Caicos Islands                      TCA
   Tuvalu                                        TUV
   Uganda                                        UGA
   Ukraine                                       UKR
   United Arab Emirates                          ARE
   United Kingdom                                GBR
   United Republic of Tanzania                   TZA
   United States                                 USA
   United States Virgin Islands                  VIR
   Uruguay                                       URY
   Uzbekistan                                    UZB
   Vanuatu                                       VUT
   Venezuela                                     VEN
   Viet Nam                                      VNM
   Wallis and Futuna Islands                     WLF
   Western Sahara                                ESH
   Yemen                                         YEM
   Yugoslavia                                    YUG
   Zambia                                        ZMB
   Zimbabwe                                      ZWE
   --END OF FILE--



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