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G8MNY > TECH 10.02.08 14:01l 137 Lines 6569 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 46274_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: Lafayete 57 Range Multimeter
Path: IZ3LSV<IW2OHX<IQ0LT<ON0BEL<GB7CIP
Sent: 080210/0032Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU #:46274 [Caterham] $:46274_GB7CIP
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (New Dec 07)
(8 Bit ASCII Graphics use code page 437 or 850)
Model 99-5076
旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납 DC Volts 0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1000 @ 25k/V
납 납 0.125 1.25 5 25 125 500 @ 50k/V
납旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴엿�
납납~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~납납 DC Amps 50uA 5mA 50mA 500mA 10A @Normal
납납 납납 25uA 2,5mA 25mA 240mA 5A @2x
냔뎨 . 냔뎨
잎납 '. 납잎 AC Volts 3 10 50 250 1000 @ 2.5k/V
悶납 '. . 납悶 1.5 5 25 125 500 @ 5k/V
납납 '. :'\': 납납
냔뎨 '. '�.�' 냔뎨 10x dB scales & DC isolated AC.
납냅컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸납�
잎냐컴컴컴컴� 旼컴컴컴컴냅� Ohms 첛SD 13 65 650 6k5 65k
� o- +o � (|) � o o �
� � � � Accurancy DC 2%, AC 3%
� [� ]rev �_________� �[ �] �
읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�
MULTI METER PRINCIPLES
DC VOLTS 1000 100 10 1 Volts
To get a meter of just one �10M컫�1M컫100k쩡컴11k1컴컴>+
sensitivity to do many o o o o
ranges voltage multiplier /�\
resistors are used. Here +�
the voltage drop across /~~~\
the meter is ignored, but 쿘eter�
it will affect the lowest 90uA\___/
1V scale. 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�>-
Series resistors are used
to protect the switch more Sensitivity is 11k1/V
from high voltages.
DC CURRENT 100uA 1mA 10mA 100mA
For current ranges shunts +旼컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴�>+
are put across the meter. /~~~\ \�/
Here the meter resistance 쿘eter� o o o o
is 100� so it has 10mV drop 100uA\___/ � � �
@ 100uA. The 1mA shunt here 10mV � 11� 1� 0.1�
is corrected for the 100� 읕컴컴컴컴좔컴컨컴컴좔�>-
meter load.
AC VOLTS
For AC a rectifier diode is
used, & normally this alters 1000 100 10 Volts
the sensitivity so a different �4M5쩡450k쩡컴�45k컴컴>~
voltage multiplier arm is used. o o o
In this circuit only half the /�\
current goes through the meter +旼컴�<쳐캑
& the 1.1 AC sine wave form /~~~\ D1 _�_D2
factor means that 2.2x meter 쿘eter� /_\
current must flow. Only a 100uA\___/ �100uA
100mV is lost in the germanium 읕컴컴컴컨컴컴컴컴컴컴�>~
diode D1, so a low voltage
range can the this into account
on the scape. D2 can be any type Sensitivity is 4k5/V.
& protects the low voltage D1.
OHMS
Here a voltage source is put
in series with the meter & a
known resistance that set the
half scale resistance & includes (actually -ve!)
the meter load resistance. 旼횮al Zero R컴쩡컴컴컴>+
The higher the battery +� \�/
voltage the higher resistance /~~~\ o o o o
that can be measured, but 쿘eter� �10�100�1k�10k�
becomes a danger for 100uA\___/ �
sensitive electronics. � � �+
The Cal zero R sets the meter 읕컴컴좔컴콕쳐컴컴컴컴�>-
sensitive to give full scale � (actually +ve!)
ZERO reading on shorting the
probes depending the battery state.
Note that the battery internal resistance is added to the unknown resistance,
& this affects the low range scale calibration! Also the probe polarity is
revesed to indicated & is different than digital meters!
MULTIMETER CIRCUIT
旼===========================================================================
� I
넬========================= =============== ================ =========== =�
\/ 읕20k컴80k커 � � �
/\ /�\ � � 쿎om + 10A O/P�
�)컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � � o o o o �
� ____ 旼� � 旼컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴�)컴컴컴컨컴쩡�)컴컴�)컴� 퀅1� � �
� /15uA\ � ICal � � 13 � Low � 13k 旼)컴)컴졍�)컴� �
� 渼 Meter척 쳐컴컴컴)�)커 � 46k �4k7쨈<척 � � � � � �
� � \____/ �12.5k � � � � � oNor� 3k3 � � � �0.025� �
� � � � o o � � 넬> � � � � � � �
� 쳐캑>쳐컴� 픬Nor �> X <� � 납 o� � 5kHi� � � � �
� 쳐�<쳐컴캑 <컴캑 o o � 납 �4k7졍>쳅컴� � � 0.475 �
� 쳐훆Cal컴� �oVA/2쿝ev Nor � 납 Low � � � �
� 읕컴컴컴컴컨�6k25� �)컴컴컴컴컴컴�))컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴�)� �
� 납 납 � 旼컴컴컴켸� �
읕�56k25�197k5�1M�5M�18M75엿�47�650�6k54왯눴�1M87헜5헜1�17k5� �4.53�45.3�24k9�
o o o o o o쿽 o o o쿽쿽 o o o o� o o o o
� I � � �
=========================�=============� �================쳐================
I �
===============�____넵넵________�
+넹넹
0.25 2.5 10 50 250 1k R/5 R 10 100 1k 1k 250 50 10 3 500 50 5 50u
\________DC_VOLTS_________/ \_____OHMS____/ \___AC_VOLTS___/ \____DC_mA____/
& dB Scales
The configuration switching between modes & all the ranges is all done on just
1 large rotary switch with 3 bridging contacts (I) 5 wipers of 2 circuits.
Only 4 probe sockets are used 2 extra for the high current (10A) & the DC
isolated AC measurement.
Extra switches provide a meter reverse feature & a double sensitivity that
doubles the meter ranges. (has no meaning on ohms).
The meter movement is a extremely sensitive @ 15uA for FSD, but not very
accurate, so it is calibrated with ICal & VCal presets at manufacture.
The AC ranges are calibrated with select on test resistors 2x "4k7 Low" & the
"5k Hi" that accurately allow for the diode forward resistance loss & leakage.
Most of the resistors are special values made for the meter, & of course they
are very accurate & stable 0.5% types.
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 De John, G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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