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G8MNY > TECH 20.09.08 15:32l 72 Lines 2651 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 3247_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: Musical Scales
Path: IZ3LSV<IW0QNL<ON4HU<ON0BEL<GB7CIP
Sent: 080919/2310Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU #:3247 [Caterham] $:3247_GB7CIP
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (New Feb 08)
(8 Bit ASCII Graphics use code page 437 or 850)
Not at all musical myself, but if your working on musical instruments this may
help.
Scales are not all the same, initially 7 notes ABCDEFG (white keyboard notes)
per octave were used & later gaps were filled in (black sharp & flat notes) to
give 12. In the east, 20 notes are used. making the music sound strange to the
western ear.
DIATONIC SCALE
This is a mathematically true scale & sounds perfect, it is used for solo
string & wind instruments.
C Ref 1 9/8 5/4 4/3 3/2 5/3 15/8 2
Note C D E F G A B C
Ratio ÁÄ9/8ÄÁ10/9ÄÁ16/15ÁÄ9/8ÄÁ10/9ÄÁÄ9/8ÄÁ16/15Á
9/8 & 9/10 are whole tones, 15/16 are semitone.
Other intervals & Ratios
2/1 e.g. from C' to C is an octave,
3/2 e.g. from G to C is a 5th
4/3 e.g. from C' to G is a 4th
5/4 e.g. from A to F is a 3rd.
Music can be played in different keys from which it was written, but it will
not work well with this scale. Also it is not possible to tune a keyboard
instrument to this true scale so..
EQUAL TEMPERED SCALE
The tuning problem was initially solved a long tine ago by Pythagoras(?). It
uses 12û2 (1.05956) intervals between all notes in the octave. So to go from
one note to the next just multiple or divide by 1.05946. Now musical can be
shifted up & down notes (KEYS) (to fit singer's range for example) & still
work.
PITCH
Any instrument can be tuned to itself, but several are to play together they
will need to be up tuned together. This lead to a common standard of 256Hz for
middle C now called the "old physical pitch" and gave a Diatonic A of 426.67Hz.
INTERNATIONAL ORCHESTRAL PITCH
This has A' set at exactly 440Hz & used the Equal Tempered Scale..
AÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛE---Note
------------------------11111111111222222233---
22333334444555666778899011233456789023467912---\
79024681369158159374728306208654456703617319--- Hz
............................................---/
51977792730903743484350806586968600701962727---
FÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBCÛDÛEFÛGÛAÛBC---Note
-------------------1111111111112222222333334--
33344445556667788990112334567890234679135791-- \
47914692582594838364074198666679158796322358-- Hz
90250633572980400277955970810563809340630016-- /
...................---------------------------/
2004029344334007048---------------------------
All electronic keyboard instruments should have the above scale built in & any
pitch tuning will fine tune the whole set.
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 De John, G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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