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G8MNY > TECH 03.11.10 00:54l 88 Lines 4514 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 65370_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: Regulating 12V Generator Output
Path: IZ3LSV<IK2XDE<DB0RES<DK0WUE<IK6ZDE<VE3UIL<VE3KPG<GB7CIP
Sent: 101102/2330Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU #:65370 [Caterham] $:65370_GB7CIP
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (Updated Jun 06)
(8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850, Terminal Font)
Small generators often provide unregulated charging outputs. These can easily
over charge your /P battery, with damaging excessive battery voltage, that can
also damage low power lamps & other kit.
Here is s simple & efficient charge limiting SCR regulator that can be put in
the lead at the battery end.
FEATURES
1/ Charge output gradually shut of at 14V (dependent on Zener voltage).
2/ Low loss (1V) as it is an SCR & not a linear regulator.
3/ Generator connected LED, this lights when DC appears from the generator.
4/ Charged LED, gradually lights up as the battery takes less genny output.
5/ Battery lead isolation, no battery DC to short out @ the generator lead end.
6/ No battery drain, the circuit takes no current from the battery.
CHARGED ||
LEDÚÄÄ´>ÃÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄ´>ÃÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³ 1N4001 ³
³ + 100u ³ ³
OVER ÃÄÄÄ´ÃÄÄÄÄ´ 470ê
CURRENT ³ ³ 10A ³
TRIP + LONG ÃÄÄÄ2k2ÄÄÄÙ SCR³\³ ³ Fuse
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´>ÃÄÂÄo--oÄÄÄÄ<<ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄ´ ÃÄÄÁÄÄÄ>>ÄÄÂÄo-oÄ>loads
³ RAW DC ³ GENNY THICK _³_GEN 270ê ³/³\g CROCK³+
³ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ)ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ<<ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ =\_/ ON ÃÄÄ´>ÃÄÄÄÄÙ ÄÄÁÄÄ
³20V³20V ³ CONNECTOR - LEAD ³ ³ LED _³_ 1N4001 ÛÛÛ 12V
À(((((()Ä´>ÃÄÙ ³ ³ /_\'14.5V ³- BATTERY
======= ³ 1k ³ Zener CLIPS³
ALTERNATOR ÀÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>>ÄÄÁÄÄÄÄ>
SCR mounted on heatsink
HOW IT WORKS
The raw DC peaking well over 20V off load, it lights the GEN ON LED via the 1k
to -ve. The 20V also provides up to 14.5V across the zener. This puts 14V onto
the gate of the SCR via a blocking diode. If the battery voltage is much less
than this the SCR will be triggered & puts nearly all of that 1/2 cycle of
generator DC into the battery. When that half cycle of current stops the
SCR is ready for the next voltage comparison & trigging for the subsequent half
cycles etc.
As the battery charges up the voltage rises & the SCR is triggered later &
later, in fact a crude form of phase firing naturally occurs, as the battery
voltage falls from the last current burst as the zener voltage rises..
14VÄ´ _..--. --..._.Ä--...___
13VÄ´ .' '\ BATTERY VOLTAGE
25V_ _ _ 12VÄÙ_/ FLAT 11V CHARGED 14V
³ /' `\ /' `\
14VÄ´ | | | | 14VÄ´ .-ÄÄÄ-. .-ÄÄÄ-.
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ /' `\ /' `\ ZENER VOLTAGE
0V_³V_________V_________V 0V_³V___________V___________V
OFF LOAD GENNY DC TRIGGER | early | late
This does what you need for charging, it turns the current down as the voltage
comes up & stops excessive gassing. Eventually just the odd trigger occurs
keeping the voltage @ 14V.
If the charge current is small (small genny e.g. 8A max), & the battery a big
one with low internal resistance, then the hum across the battery may be small
enough not to cause hum problems at all with kit like a 22 Amp 100W SSB rig.
ACOUSTIC NOISE & LEAD LENGTH
Using the low voltage output, means thick short leads! This does not help the
noise isolation problem. If you are closing doors on this lead, do make sure it
is not crashed! If you are using long leads due to noise, then make sure that
are VERY THICK. e.g. A 30A cooker lead with the 3rd earth wire bonded to -ve up
to say 10m long for an 8A charge lead, if the losses are not to be too great.
DC CHARGING WITH AC LOADS
Some generators warn you not to use both DC & AC outputs at the same time. This
may not be due to loading, or regulation problems, but due to safety! This is
because the DC output winding is often part of the 230V AC load winding, & that
can put DC onto the AC output or bypass some of the safety trip features, as
well as MAKING THE 230V NON FLOATING & therefore more hazardous!
If you intend to use both at once do at least use a ELCB/RDC mains trip plug!
Why Don't U send an interesting bul?
73 de John G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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