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G8MNY > TECH 30.03.24 11:30l 104 Lines 4477 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 4382_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: Mains Peak/RMS/Mean Meter
Path: IZ3LSV<I0OJJ<GB7CIP
Sent: 240330/1027Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO #:4382 [Caterham Surrey GBR] $:4382_GB
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EURO
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (Updated Dec 04)
(8 Bit ASCII graphics use code page 437 or 850, Terminal Font)
PSEUDO RMS VOLTMETER
True Root Mean Squared (RMS) meters either use an insensitive moving iron
movement (with a non linear scale) or have active Squarer circuits (digital or
analogue) to compute the value. So most meters are only "Average" (Mean)
indicating & calibrated up to indicate the RMS value, by applying sine waveform
correction factor of 111%.
Real mains is normally 240V RMS in the UK but based on the EU standard of 230V.
Substations are normal set the +10% max on no load.
Eu Heating PSUs Meters
NOMINAL RMS PEAK MEAN
+10 % Max 253V 358V 228V
+4.3% UK 240V 340V 216V
0% EU 230V 325V 218V
-4.3% USA 220V 311V 198V
-10 % Min 207V 292V 186V
N.B. ñ10% of voltage means a change of 49% of the power rating!
e.g. a 2.3kW fire @ 230V goes from 1.86KW @ 207V to 2.78kW @ 253V.
Most electronic equipment needs the right peakotage to work properly, & not
as often found on generators & inverters some clipped 240v square wave that has
the same peak as RMS voltage!
340V PK __³ _ ?? PK _³ GENERATOR or
240V RMS _³ /' `\ Sine Wave 240V RMS _³ _______ INVERTER OUTPUT
218V MEAN-³ ³ ³ MAINS ?? MEAN /³ ³ ³ With Electronic
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ Rectified Load
0v_³³_ _ _ _ _³_ _ _ _ _ 0v_³³_ _ _ _ _³_ _ _ _ _
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³_______³
³ \,_,/ ³
This simple passive meter circuit can be used to give a more meaningful
measurement of a Generator/Inverter AC supply, or to upgrade an existing meter.
The added Peak & Mean features can be ignored for simple RMS meter.
470K
ÚÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄ150KÄÄÄÄÄÄPotÄÄÄÄÄ470KÄÄÄÄ¿
_³_ _³_ ³ Cal/³\ ³
1W /_\ /_\ ³________ RMS³ MEAN 4K7
AC L ÄÂÄÂÄÄ22ÄÄÄ´ ³ PK\o o o Pot<ÄÄÄ¿
Ne ³ ³ ³ /³\ DC Cal +³
MAINS N ÄÁÄ)ÄÄÂÄÄÄÄ)ÄÄÄÄ´ ³ ³ 100uA
Ne Ne _³_ _³_ 47n === ³ Meter
EARTH E ÄÄÄÁÄÄÙ /_\ /_\ 500V ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÙ
PARTS:-
Box Old Plug top PSU with 3 metal pins.
Resistors 1/4 Watt or higher if using lower values. 22R is a fuse type.
Diodes Hi PIV types e.g. 1N4007
Cap 400V or higher Polly type.
Cal Pots Preset type (N.B. mains is on them if adjusted from outside!)
Switch Any 3 pole 300VAC (low current) switch. (3 coloured positions)
Meter 100uA Scaled 0-360V, or 50% Back wound movement Scaled 160V-360V.
Use 3 Colour bands on the scale for ideal readings.
Mounted so that it is well insulated. (double insulated?)
For higher current meter e.g. 1mA divide the R values by 10, &
multiply the Capacitor value by 10, use higher wattage Rs.
Neons With internal Rs, can be added L-N, L-E, N-E, show status of
voltages on the wiring. On Household Mains only L-N & L-E should
light up, on a floating generator or inverter feed all will be lit.
CALIBRATION:-
Warning this means using MAINS VOLTAGES! Use an isolation transformer & variac
if you can, to make it safer!
1/ Apply smooth 250V-300V DC on the AC input, adjust the DC Cal pot for the
same reading. Or use the Peak reading feature & measure the voltage across
the Cap with a Digital meter & adjust the DC Cal pot to read the same.
This simulates a perfect square wave.
2/ Apply 50Hz 240V AC sine wave & adjust Cal RMS pot for the same reading. This
varies the amount of peak voltage that is added to the mean voltage to get
the pseudo RMS reading.
3/ Check that with 240V AC the meter reads 340V Peak & 218V Mean.
See my bul "Meter Movement Types".
Why don't U send an interesting bul?
73 de John G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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