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G8MNY > TECH 31.12.07 00:19l 117 Lines 5081 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
BID : 40474_GB7CIP
Read: GUEST
Subj: 88mH Coils, Explained!
Path: IZ3LSV<IW2OAZ<F4BWT<I0TVL<ED1ZAC<GB7CIP
Sent: 071225/0056Z @:GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU #:40474 [Caterham] $:40474_GB7CIP
From: G8MNY@GB7CIP.#32.GBR.EU
To : TECH@WW
By G8MNY (New Sep 06)
(8 Bit ASCII Graphics use code page 437 or 850)
After seeing several buls on 88mH coils, I thought I would explain what they
were used for by the millions in the UK telecomms industry.
LINE THEORY
The basic 600ê 2 wire telephone line system is quite lossy. This is due to too
high a capacity between the wires & the copper resistance, this causes high
loss & also higher loss at higher frequency than ideal.
Simple Line A Loaded Line section
ÄÄÄÂÄÄRÄÄÂÄÄRÄÄÂÄÄRÄÄÂÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÂÄÄ((()ÄRÄÄÂÄÄÄ
600ê === === === === 600ê 1200ê === :::: === 1200ê
ÄÄÄÁÄÄRÄÄÁÄÄRÄÄÁÄÄRÄÄÁÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÁÄÄ((()ÄRÄÄÁÄÄÄ
The capacitance & resistance value of the wires can't be changed. Reducing the
load Z flattens the frequency response, but increases the loss (a useful trick
for short music circuits!). But adding series inductance spaced evenly along
the line to make the line look like a cut off filter has several effects...
1/ increases the line impedance (matching transforemers need for 600ê!)
2/ substantially reduces the line loss below the cut off frequency
3/ & flattens the comms band frequency response.
Normal 600ê Loaded 1200ê
Line Loss (e.g. 20 miles) Line Loss
dB³ / dB³ |
20´ _./ 20´ Flatter response |
³ __.-~ ³ And Half the Loss |
10´ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ---~~~ 10´ __/
³ ³ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ-----~~~~
0ÅÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂ>Hz 0ÅÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂ>Hz
0 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 0 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k
The standard for cables between telephone exchanges (office) was to use a
loaded cable with an 88mH balanced coil every 2000 yards, starting 1000 yards
from the exchange & completing the last 1000 yard pi section with a capacitor
or a 44mH terminated inductor half section.
1000 Yards 2000 Yards 1000 Yards
ÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()ÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()Ä
1200ê === :::: === :::: === OR === :::: 1200ê
ÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()ÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄ((()Ä
88mH 88mH (Made up to) 44mH
(1 section)
<- - full section - -> <- half section ->
BACK TO THE COILS
The coils consist of 2 identical bifilar wound windings on a common ferrite
core, they are quite high Q, & capable of keeping their inductance with up to
50mA of DC current flowing, which is why they are quite large for the max of
10mW of AF signals on telecomms lines.
Wire colours are normally Black & White Red/Black & Red/White, & it should be
quite easy to identify the 2 line pairs.
_..._
Pot Core <_ _>===== 2 pairs
2cm tall ³ ~~~ ³===== of wires
2.5cm dia \_ _/
~~~
Some coils are ally can encapsulated, others plastic & some not at all.
INDUCTANCE VALUE
Watch out for the 44mH ones, as they look much the same other than labelling &
have half the 88mH test inductance values below.
Centre Centre
______ Tap Tap ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
)::( o )::(o\ / L Cancelles
)::( WRONG )::( X so just a
o )::(___ o )::(_/ \___ few mH
³_______88mH ³___________ ?
If just 1 winding is used then you have 22mH. By paralleling the 2nd coil you
get half the DC resistance, but the phase must be right!
_____ ÚÄÄÄÄÂÄÄ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄ
)::( o )::( o o )::(o\ / L Cancelles
)::( 22mH OR )::( 22mH WRONG )::( X so just a
)::(_____ )::( )::(_/ \ few mH
ÀÄÄÄÄÁÄ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄ
USES
So with suitable capacitors they make useful AF filters etc.
They can be used as isolation transformers, not too well isolated, & no good
for LF response with low L value.
One can also be used as an efficient voltage step up or a -rail inverter with
just 2 transistors in flip flop. Note the push pull gives nearly 100% output
all the time so smoothing is not needed in some applications!
+12V ÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄ¿
55mA ³ e\³ 2K2 2K2 ³/e
³+ ÃÄÄ´ ÃÄÄ´ 2x 50V PNP
100u === /³ 22K 22K ³\ 100mA
³ ³ \ / ³
³ ³ X ³
³ ³_____/ \_____³
³ ³ ³
³ ³ ========= ÃÄÄ´<ÃÄÂÄÄÂÄÄ> -11V 50mA
³ ÃÄ(((()Â(((()ÄÙ ³ ³ - (unregulated)
³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄ)ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´<ÃÄÙ ===100u
0V ÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄ>
See my buls on "Passive CW Headphone Filter" & "AF 2 Tone Test Osc Design".
Why Don't U send an interesting bul?
73 De John, G8MNY @ GB7CIP
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