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N9PMO > LETTER 14.07.18 19:28l 633 Lines 27790 Bytes #999 (0) @ ARRL
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FCC ministrative Law Judge Dismisses Radio Amateur's Long-Standing
License Renewal Application
Radio Amateur to Pay $7,000, Face Restricted Privileges to Settle FCC
Interference Case
World Radiosport Team Championship 2018 Formally Opens in Germany
The Doctor Will See You Now!
ARRL Urges Regulatory Regime to Keep Non-Amateur Satellites off
Amateur Spectrum
Baker Island KH1/KH7Z DXpedition in the Record Books
CASSIOPE Spacecraft Listens In on 2018 ARRL Field Day
World JOTA-JOTI Registration Now Open
In Brief
Getting It Right!
The K7RA Solar Update
Just Ahead in Radiosport
Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
FCC ministrative Law Judge Dismisses Radio Amateur's Long-Standing
License Renewal Application
A California man embroiled in a long-running license renewal
proceeding has lost the next step in his fight to remain a radio
amateur. In a July 9 Order, FCC ministrative Law Judge Richard L.
Sippel terminated the decade-old license renewal application of
William Crowell, W6WBJ (ex-N6AYJ), of Diamond Springs, California,
upon a motion by Enforcement Bureau Chief Rosemary C. Harold. Sippel's
Order followed Crowell's refusal to appear in Washington, DC, for a
hearing to consider not just his license renewal but related
enforcement issues dating back 15 years or more.
"Crowell's decision not to appear at the hearing has the same
practical effect as if he had initially failed, pursuant to Section
1.221(c) of the Rules, to file a written notice of appearance or
otherwise signal his intent to participate in the hearing on his
pending renewal application, i.e., he has waived his right to
prosecute that application," Harold said in the Enforcement Bureau's
June 12 motion to dismiss Crowell's license renewal application.
In his Order, Sippel said he agreed with Harold's determination.
Crowell had asserted that the FCC was obliged to hold field hearings
in the city nearest to a licensee's residence, but Sippel said that
was incorrect. Crowell invoked financial hardship rules, but Sippel
said those would not apply in an Amateur Radio case. Dismissal of the
renewal application was "with prejudice."
It has been 10 years since the FCC set Crowell's license renewal
application for hearing, which was to center on whether he had
violated FCC Part 97 rules in the early 2000s, in part by causing
intentional interference, transmitting music, and "using indecent
language," and whether he was qualified to have his renewal
application granted.
Crowell raised the lengthy delay in his response to Harold's June 12
motion. "The more-than-10-year delay in holding a hearing herein
(that's only since the Hearing Designation Order [was] issued; the
pre-HDO part of the case goes back to 2000) violates my administrative
due process rights," claimed Crowell, who is an attorney.
Crowell further claimed that most of the witnesses who might testify
at a hearing are now deceased, and "the evidence is terribly stale."
He said the Enforcement Bureau "has no excuse for not having taken
this case to a hearing at a much earlier date, and, at this point, my
ability to elucidate the truth has been fatally compromised."
Crowell was fined $25,000 in 2016 for intentionally interfering with
the transmissions of other radio amateurs and transmitting prohibited
communications, including music. The FCC said Crowell did not deny
making the transmissions but argued, in large part, that those
transmissions were protected by the First Amendment of the
Constitution. The FCC turned away that assertion.
Sippel said he had stayed the renewal case on the basis of the pending
Forfeiture Order proceeding, but said he was later informed that the
US Department of Justice had decided not to prosecute the case.
Radio Amateur to Pay $7,000, Face Restricted Privileges to Settle FCC
Interference Case
The US Department of Justice and the FCC have reached a settlement
with Brian Crow, K3VR, of North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, to resolve
allegations that Crow intentionally interfered with the communications
of other Amateur Radio operators and failed to properly identify. The
core component of the settlement calls on Crow to pay $7,000 to the US
Treasury, the FCC and US Attorney for the Western District of
Pennsylvania Scott W. Brady announced in separate July 3 news
releases. In addition, Crow's Amateur Extra class license will be
restricted to Technician-class privileges for 6 months, and he has
agreed to discontinue contact with the individuals involved in this
case. Crow's Amateur Extra privileges will be restored after 6 months,
"if no new violations have been found," the FCC said.
"Amateur Radio licensees know that the rules require them to share the
airwaves, which means that bad actors cannot plead ignorance," FCC
Enforcement Bureau Chief Rosemary Harold said in an FCC release. "This
settlement is a significant payment for an individual operator, and it
sends a serious message: Play by the rules in the Amateur Radio
band[s] or face real consequences. We thank the US Attorney's Office
for understanding the importance of this type of case and pushing it
forward to ensure a resolution that included strong penalties for
substantial violations of the law."
The settlement resolves a civil complaint (USA v. Brian Crow [No.
17-595]) in Federal District Court for the Western District of
Pennsylvania to recover an unpaid $11,500 fine that the FCC imposed on
Crow in a 2015 Forfeiture Order.
The FCC recounted in its Forfeiture Order that it had responded in
March 2014 to "several complaints of intentional interference" on
14.313 MHz, and that Commission agents used radio direction-finding
techniques to determine the transmission sources. According to the
court complaint against Crow, FCC agents tracked transmissions to
Crow's residence and monitored them for approximately 3 hours and
heard him transmit slow-scan television (SSTV) signals and a
prerecorded voice transmission of another Amateur Radio station on the
frequency.
The FCC said it worked with Brady's office to craft the agreement with
Crow arising from its Forfeiture Order "that found his behavior
violated the Communications Act and the Commission's rules." Read
more.
World Radiosport Team Championship 2018 Formally Opens in Germany
Be ready to listen for call signs in the Y2A - Y9A series this
weekend. Following 4 years of preparation, World Radiosport Team
Championship 2018 (WRTC 2018) formally opened on July 12. Now
attention turns to see how the 63 competing teams fare in the 24-hour
event, July 14 - 15 in and around Wittenberg, Germany. Observers will
be able to follow their progress via social media or the WRTC 2018
Live Scoreboard. Fourteen North American teams are on the roster,
including defending champions Daniel Craig, N6MJ, and Chris Hurlbut,
KL9A. Several well-known US contesting personalities are among those
serving as referees at each site. Even as the competition neared, WRTC
2018 organizers were searching for a last-minute replacement for a
team leader who had to drop out.
A competition within a contest, WRTC 2018 takes place in conjunction
with the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) HF Championship,
although with different or additional rules. Both events get under way
on Saturday at 1200 UTC and conclude on Sunday at 1159 UTC, and all
radio amateurs may take part in the IARU event. The ARRL Headquarters
station will be W1AW/4 in Georgia. The IARU HQ station will identify
as NU1AW/9 from Illinois. These and other HQ stations count as
multipliers in calculating IARU contest scores.
WRTC 2018 organizers have set up a program of awards and activities
intended to "create big pileups for the WRTC stations" from those who
will be on the IARU HF Championship side of the competition. Awards
for outside participants include:
Worked All WRTC Stations (WAWRTC)
Minimum one QSO with each WRTC station.
No need to send in your log.
Award will automatically be generated from competitors' logs.
Even if you are not sure that the WRTC 2018 team copied your call sign
correctly, organizers say to send in your log anyway, and they will
follow up.
WRTC Sprint
Work all 63 WRTC stations as quickly as possible on any band or mode.
Separate scoring applies for each of the 29 WRTC 2018 qualification
regions.
Pick any time frame during the 24-hour contest.
The winner of each region will receive a special prize.
WRTC Most QSOs (MQ)
Complete as many contacts with WRTC 2018 competitors as possible (63
stations/5 bands/2 modes = up to 630 possible contacts).
Separate scoring applies for each of the 29 WRTC 2018 qualification
regions.
The winner of each region will receive a special prize.
Assistant Judge
Special prizes will be offered to all operators sending in their logs
by 1800 UTC on Sunday, July 15.
WRTC 2018 Distance Challenge
This award is independent of geographic region.
The distance in kilometers between you and the WRTC stations will be
summed for all contacts.
For a precise calculation, enter your grid locator in the Cabrillo log
location field. WRTC 2018 will take place in grid square JO61ls.
Propagation conditions could be a big factor, and to that end, Jari
Perkiömäki, OH6BG/OG6G, has prepared what he calls "a propagation
starter kit" for WRTC 2018.
"It will give you valuable insights into making propagation
predictions in general, and a set of pre-calculated, point-to-point,
band-by-band prediction tables, together with an extensive set of
coverage area maps," he said. All predictions are for short-path
propagation.
German telecommunications regulator Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)
announced today that WRTC 2018 teams will use the call signs Y81A
through Y89U on a one-time basis. Y## call sign prefixes were
inherited from the former East Germany regulatory regime and have not
been used for nearly 30 years -- since the reunification of East and
West Germany. Specific call signs will be assigned by lottery. Video
updates and reports are available on the WRTC 2018 website. Results
will be announced and medals awarded in a closing ceremony on Sunday.
The Doctor Will See You Now!
"Mailbag" is the topic of the current (July 5) episode of the "ARRL
The Doctor is In" podcast. Listen...and learn!
Sponsored by DX Engineering, "ARRL The Doctor is In" is an informative
discussion of all things technical. Listen on your computer, tablet,
or smartphone -- whenever and wherever you like!
Every 2 weeks, your host, QST Editor-in-Chief Steve Ford, WB8IMY, and
the Doctor himself, Joel Hallas, W1ZR, will discuss a broad range of
technical topics. You can also e-mail your questions to
doctor@arrl.org, and the Doctor may answer them in a future podcast.
Enjoy "ARRL The Doctor is In" on Apple iTunes, or by using your iPhone
or iPad podcast app (just search for "ARRL The Doctor is In"). You can
also listen online at Blubrry, or at Stitcher (free registration
required, or browse the site as a guest) and through the free Stitcher
app for iOS, Kindle, or Android devices. If you've never listened to a
podcast before, download our beginner's guide.
Just ahead: "Zero Beating."
ARRL Urges Regulatory Regime to Keep Non-Amateur Satellites off
Amateur Spectrum
ARRL wants the FCC to facilitate bona fide Amateur Satellite
experimentation by educational institutions under Part 97 Amateur
Service rules, while precluding the exploitation of amateur spectrum
by commercial, small-satellite users authorized under Part 5
Experimental rules. In comments filed on July 9 in an FCC proceeding
to streamline licensing procedures for small satellites, ARRL
suggested that the FCC adopt a "bright line test" to define and
distinguish satellites that should be permitted to operate under
Amateur Satellite rules, as opposed to non-amateur satellites that
could be authorized under Part 5 Experimental rules.
"Specifically, it is possible to clarify which types of satellite
operations are properly considered amateur experiments conducted
pursuant to a Part 97 Amateur Radio license, and [those] which should
be considered experimental, non-amateur facilities, properly
authorized by a Part 5 authorization."
ARRL said it views as "incorrect and overly strict" the standard the
FCC has applied since 2013 to define what constitutes an Amateur
Satellite, forcing academic projects that once would have been
operated in the Amateur Satellite Service to apply for a Part 5
Experimental authorization instead. This approach was based, ARRL
said, on "the false rational" that a satellite launched by an
educational institution must be "non-amateur" because instructors were
being compensated and would thus have a "pecuniary interest" in the
satellite project. ARRL said well-established Commission jurisprudence
contradicts this view.
ARRL told the FCC that justification exists to expand the category of
satellite experiments conducted under an Amateur Radio license,
"especially those in which a college, university, or secondary school
teacher is a sponsor." But, ARRL continued, a compelling need exists
to discourage Part 5 Experimental authorizations for satellites
intended to operate in amateur allocations by non-amateur sponsors,
"absent compelling showings of need."
"There is no doubt but that Amateur Radio should be protected against
exploitation by commercial entities, and there should be a compelling
justification for a Part 5 Experimental license issued for a satellite
experiment to be conducted in amateur spectrum," ARRL said.
ARRL noted that International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) policy
regarding satellites operated in Amateur Radio spectrum is only to
coordinate satellites where licensees and control operators are radio
amateurs, as well as having a "mission and operation" consistent with
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations'
definitions of the Amateur and Amateur Satellite services.
ARRL asserted that incorporating Amateur Radio in experiential
learning using small satellites -- e.g., CubeSats -- is good for
Amateur Radio, for students, and for the advancement of technology,
and it urged the FCC to adopt a regulatory paradigm that encourages
this approach.
AMSAT-NA also filed comments in the proceeding. The AMSAT remarks
reflect several of the same concerns expressed by ARRL. Interested
parties may file reply comments in the proceeding, IB Docket No.
18-86, by August 7, 2018. Read more.
Baker Island KH1/KH7Z DXpedition in the Record Books
All Baker Island KH1/KH7Z DXpedition operating positions went silent
at 1200 UTC on July 5, and all logs are believed to have been uploaded
to Club Log. The final contact was on FT8 with JA2FJP on 80 meters.
The 14-member team, accompanied by a US Fish and Wildlife Service
escort left the island on July 6 for the 6-day voyage across the
International Date Line to Fiji.
"The team is very tired but proud of QSO totals, over 17,300 unique
calls [28%] in the log, and the successful deployment of the new
DXpedition version of FT8 that showed over 6,000 unique calls in our
log," reported team member Don Greenbaum, N1DG. He said the team
celebrated Independence Day with hot dogs and burgers.
The 9-day stay on Baker yielded 64,434 contacts, including more than
1,200 on 160 meters under midsummer conditions. Greenbaum said the
DXpedition's use of FT8 allowed many hams with modest stations to put
KH1/KH7Z in the log. The team began tearing down the stations and
equipment on July 4.
KH1/KH7Z completed 15,289 contacts (28% of the total) on FT8
DXpedition Mode. Nearly 41% of all contacts were made on 20 meters,
the "bread-and-butter band."
The team focused on giving out as many all-time new one (ATNO)
contacts as possible.
Full band-by-band, mode-by-mode statistics are on Club Log, where
several stations posted their observations.
Bob Chortek, AA6VB, in California, commented, "Thank you all for hard
work and sacrifice (time, money, time away from loved ones, having to
endure 100+ degree heat, etc.) to make this DXpedition a reality.
Great job!" Timothy Marek, K7XC, in Nevada, remarked, "What better way
to finish off nine-band DXCC than to work Baker island on 160 for
[the] last one! Thank you very much." Bob Marsh, K2RU, in Virginia,
said, "Many thanks for an ATNO. Propagation looked bleak for the first
couple days, but then SSB and CW within 55 minutes of each other!
Nicely run operation."
The KH1/KH7Z DXpedition team was headed to Fiji on the first leg of
its trip home. The Dateline DX Association (DDXA) sponsored the Baker
Island DXpedition.
CASSIOPE Spacecraft Listens In on 2018 ARRL Field Day
The Canadian CASSIOPE (CAScade, SmallSat, and Ionospheric Polar
Explorer) spacecraft once again eavesdropped on ARRL Field Day
activity. CASSIOPE's Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) was tuned to
7.005 MHz during six passes over the North American continent during
Field Day 2018, although there was no advanced publicity this year.
The RRI is a component of the spacecraft's Enhanced Polar Outflow
Probe (e-POP), a suite of eight science instruments that study space
weather.
"We're really happy with our results this year," remarked Gareth
Perry, a physics and astronomy postdoctoral research associate at the
University of Calgary in Canada, CASSIOPE's home institution. "RRI
recorded plenty of chatter between Field Day participants, especially
during our passes over the eastern and central United States on the
evening of [June 23]."
CASSIOPE also had turned a close ear to activity during Field Day 2015
and 2017, and its activities last year were heavily promoted.
"It's been tough to sort out the 2017 data, so we decided to use a
different tactic this year," Perry said. He and members of the Ham
Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI) group coordinated with
the Nashoba Valley Amateur Radio Club (N1NC) and with the Indianapolis
Radio Club (W9JP) -- which operated Field Day as N9NS with the Hoosier
DX and Contest Club (N9NS) and a coalition of other Central Indiana
radio clubs -- to "direct traffic," asking their members to stick to
pre-selected frequencies during the passes, and to record their
transmitting logs.
"We figured that it would be easier to assign frequencies ahead of
time, so that we [would] know where to look in post-processing, which
seems to have paid off," Perry added.
Perry and the HamSCI group have been using ARRL Field Day as an
opportunity to study space weather and HF radio wave propagation. He's
hoping that CASSIOPE will continue to participate in Field Day. "We're
looking forward to next year already!" he said.
Perry is the lead author of the first publication to use data from the
ARRL Field Day experiments, Citizen radio science: an analysis of
Amateur Radio transmissions with e-POP RRI. The paper, which reports
on CASSIOPE's involvement in ARRL Field Day 2015, is set for
publication in Radio Science. Read more.
World JOTA-JOTI Registration Now Open
Registration is open worldwide for Scouting's Jamboree on the Air
(JOTA) and Jamboree on the Internet. JOTA-JOTI take place October 19 -
21 -- always the third weekend of October. JOTA Coordinator Jim
Wilson, K5ND, encourages JOTA groups to register as soon as possible.
"The sign-up system this year is much simpler," Wilson told ARRL.
"There is no need to first register an account at scout.org before
signing in." Wilson said JOTA-JOTI will generate "an explosion of
communication across the Amateur Radio airwaves and the internet." He
anticipates that more than 1 million Scouts and Guides will take part
in more than 150 countries. A JOTA-JOTI Participant's Guide is
available.
"JOTA began in 1957 following the World Jamboree that year, when the
ham radio operators gathered over coffee and thought about doing the
on-the-air part of Jamboree every year," Wilson recounted. This year
will mark the 61st JOTA (and the 22nd year of JOTI). "Many JOTA
Amateur Radio stations are also starting to use JOTI channels, like
ScoutLink, to more readily connect with Scouts around the world,"
Wilson told ARRL. "Other channels include Skype, YouTube, and social
media."
Wilson said once groups have registered, other locations around the
world will know to look for them. "Likewise, you'll be able to see at
a glance all the rest of the locations from across town to the other
side of the Earth," he added.
In Brief
AMSAT has issued its first call for papers for its 2018 Annual Meeting
and Space Symposium. The event is set for November 2 - 4 at the US
Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Proposals for papers,
symposium presentations, and poster presentations are invited on any
topic of interest to the Amateur Satellite community. AMSAT requests a
tentative presentation title as soon as possible. Final copy must be
submitted by October 15 for inclusion in the printed proceedings. Send
abstracts and papers to Dan Schultz, N8FGV. -- Thanks to AMSAT News
Service
A radio amateur in Japan has Completed WAS on 6 meters. Tac Hirama,
JA7QVI, has fulfilled all requirements for the Worked All States (WAS)
award on 6 meters. New Jersey was the last state he needed to work,
and he managed a moonbounce (EME) contact as well as a conventional
ionospheric contact. It's quite possible that JA7QVI is the first
radio amateur to earn WAS on 6 meters from Japan, although that cannot
be confirmed. Completing WAS on 6 meters was a major goal for him,
Hirama said, and an Earth-Moon-Earth contact with Andy Blank, N2NT, on
June 17 clinched the deal. He'd been working on achieving WAS on 6
meters since 1977. JA7QVI now has accomplished WAS on 10 bands, 160
through 6 meters.
Hungary has regained access to 60 meters. The Hungarian National Media
and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH) has published an update to the
National Frequency Allocation Table to provide Amateur Radio access to
the band 5,351.5 to 5,366.5 kHz at a maximum power of 15 W EIRP, per
World Radiocommunication Conference 2015. Previously, 3-month permits
were available to allow access to 5,350 to 5,450 kHz at 100 W, but
these were discontinued in 2017. -- Thanks to Paul Gaskell, G4MWO/The
5 MHz Newsletter
A new Reverse Beacon Network (RBN) node is now operating in Liberia at
the station of Richmond Harding, EL2BG. The new node was established
with funding from the Yasme Foundation, as part of the RBN's effort to
fill coverage gaps in its coverage in the developing world, following
in the footsteps of VU2PTT and ET3AA. -- Thanks to Pete Smith, N4ZR
Getting It Right!
The article "ARRL Field Day 2018 Participants Have Fun Despite Dicey
HF Conditions" in the June 28 edition of The ARRL Letter contained
incorrect information in a photo caption, which should have read
"Kevin Smith, KK6VF, of the West Valley Amateur Radio Association,
demonstrates the K6EI GOTA station to a young ARRL Field Day visitor.
[Bill Frantz, AE6JV, photo]"
The K7RA Solar Update
Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: No sunspots have been visible for 15
days (as of July 11). According to Spaceweather.com, to find an
equally long stretch of no sunspots, we have to look back about 10
years, when we were emerging from the deepest solar minimum in a
century and the sun was blank for 52 consecutive days.
Spaceweather.com did report "a relatively small spot" on August 11-12,
2008, however, and it may have been so small that NOAA didn't record
it.
Despite the lack of sunspots last week, solar flux rose from an
average of 68.2 in the previous week to 71.5 in the July 5-11 period.
Average daily planetary A index increased from 4 to 7.3, while average
daily mid-latitude A index increased from 4 to 7.9.
Predicted solar flux is 73 on July 12-19; 76, 74, 72, 72, and 70 on
July 20-24; 68 on July 25 - August 2; 70 on August 3; 72 on August
4-6; 74 on August 7; 76 on August 8-16; 74, 72, 72, and 70 on August
17-20, and 68 on August 21-25.
Predicted planetary A index is 5 on July 12-19; 15, 8, 10, 18, and 8
on July 20-24; 5 on July 25 - August 4; 12 and 8 on August 6-7; 5 on
August 8-10; 16 and 8 on August 11-12; 5 on August 13-15; 15, 8, 10,
18, and 8 on August 16-20, and 5 on August 21-25.
Sunspot numbers for July 5 through 11, 2018 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and
0, with a mean of 0. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 68.1, 70.5, 72,
71.6, 72.9, 72.1, and 73.3, with a mean of 71.5. Estimated planetary A
indices were 17, 7, 5, 4, 3, 7, and 8, with a mean of 7.3. Estimated
mid-latitude A indices were 11, 8, 6, 6, 5, 11, and 8, with a mean of
7.9.
Send me your reports or propagation observations.
Just Ahead in Radiosport
July 14 -- FISTS Summer Unlimited Sprint (CW)
July 14-15 -- IARU HF World Championship (CW, phone)
July 15 -- QRP ARCI Summer Homebrew Sprint (CW)
July 16 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)
July 19 -- NAQCC CW Sprint
See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth
reporting on Amateur Radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest
Update via your ARRL member profile email preferences.
Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
July 13-14 -- Indiana State Convention, Indianapolis, Indiana
July 20-22 -- Nevada State Convention, Reno, Nevada
July 27-28 -- Oklahoma Section Convention, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
August 2-5 -- YLRL 2018 Convention, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
August 3-4 -- Texas State Convention, Austin, Texas
August 3-5 -- Pacific Northwest DX Convention, New Westminster,
British Columbia, Canada
August 4-5 -- Midwest Division Convention, Central City, Iowa
August 18-19 -- Southeastern Division Convention, Huntsville, Alabama
August 19 -- Kansas State Convention, Salina, Kansas
August 24-26 -- West Virginia State Convention, Weston, West Virginia
August 31-September 2 -- Roanoke Division Convention, Shelby, North
Carolina
September 1 -- Pennsylvania State Convention, Uniontown, Pennsylvania
September 7-9 -- New England Division Convention, Boxborough,
Massachusetts
September 7-9 -- Northwest APRS Convention, North Bend, Washington
September 8 -- Kentucky State Convention, Shepherdsville, Kentucky
September 8 -- Virginia Section Convention, Virginia Beach, Virginia
September 14-16 -- W9DXCC Convention, Schaumburg, Illinois
September 15 -- Wyoming State Convention, Rock Springs, Wyoming
September 16 -- Southern New Jersey Section Convention, Mullica Hill,
New Jersey
September 21-22 -- W4DXCC/SEDCO Convention, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee
September 21-23 -- Rocky Mountain Division Convention, Albuquerque,
New Mexico
September 22 -- Washington State Convention, Spokane Valley,
Washington
September 28-29 -- Wisconsin State Convention, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
September 29 -- North Dakota State Convention, West Fargo, North
Dakota
Find conventions and hamfests in your area.
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