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CX2SA > SATDIG 27.02.10 22:06l 821 Lines 31258 Bytes #999 (0) @ WW
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From: CX2SA@CX2SA.LAV.URY.SA
To : SATDIG@WW
Today's Topics:
1. Re: future apogee calculation (i8cvs)
2. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Jeff Yanko)
3. NASA - 2011/2012 CubeSat Launch Opportunities (Trevor .)
4. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Nigel Gunn G8IFF/W8IFF)
5. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Bob Bruninga )
6. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Auke de Jong, VE6PWN)
7. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Stephen Melachrinos)
8. NASA cubesats... (Rocky Jones)
9. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (ve4yz)
10. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Ken Ernandes)
11. working FO-29 (Bill Dzurilla)
12. Re: working FO-29 (PE0SAT)
13. Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps (Joe Fitzgerald)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2010 23:32:40 +0100
From: "i8cvs" <domenico.i8cvs@xxx.xx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: future apogee calculation
To: "Bob- W7LRD" <w7lrd@xxxxxxx.xxx>, "AMSAT-BB" <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <001101cab733$9b6e6980$0201a8c0@xxx.xx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
----- Original Message -----
From: "Bob- W7LRD" <w7lrd@xxxxxxx.xxx>
To: <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Sent: Thursday, February 25, 2010 6:07 PM
Subject: [amsat-bb] future apogee calculation
>
> Hello
>
> Is there a "easy" way of figuring out where/when a given apogee will at a
> given lat.long?
>
> 73 Bob W7LRD
>
Hi Bob, W7LRD
Using InstantTrack it is easy but the procedure is a little bit long.
When you are in the Map Screen push F until you get a phs (phase) of 128
for AO7
At phs 128 you are at the Apogee and you can read down the map the Lat/long
of the satellite subpoint at the Apogee
If you now push E you will read the keplerian elements on the map screen and
if you push D you can read the derived velues at time.
To day Feb 26 we have:
Perigee Height : 1440.2 km
Apogee Height : 1459.0 km
Latitude of Apogee : -48.9? (South)
Rate of change of Apogee: -1.866 ? / day
Rate of change Argument of Perigee : - 1.957? / day
Now if you want to know the numbar of days that the apogee need to go
from the actual Latitude of - 48.9? South to a wanted Latitude North you
must consider that since the AO7 inclination is greater then 90? the line
of the apsides that join the apogee with the perigee moves in the opposite
direction of the satellite.
As an example:
If you want to know how many days the Apogee needs to go from
the actual Lat of - 48.9? South to a wanted Lat of + 55.0? North the Apogee
must move by 180 + (55.0 - 48.9 ) = 186.1? in the South direction so that
the numbar of days needed are:
186.1? / 1.957? day = 95.09 days from February 26 i.e day 1 june 2010
If you check on any tracking program you will see that AO7 on day 1 june
2010 at 10:17 UTC will be about at phs 128 at Apogee with latitude of about
+ 55? North and longitude 38.0? West with the satellite subpoint at Apogee
just in the middle of the Atlantic ocean.
InstantTrack is a great program if one know how to talk with him !
73" de
i8CVS Domenico
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 01:43:21 -0800
From: "Jeff Yanko" <wb3jfs@xxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: <bruninga@xxxx.xxx>, <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <CB165ED0AF9A4295AAE14C19F4B781CC@xxxxxxxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Hi Bob,
You are correct on the term planets being "wonderers". If I recall
correctly, that came from the Greek skywatchers.
Yes, many thought the Earth was the center of the solar system. I'm sure
more believed it was the center of the universe as well! In any case, with
the Sun as the center of the solar system, that was some wild "outside of
the box" thinking since the church frowned upon any type of "new findings"
that disputed what the church layed down. Can you imagine being ostracized,
if nothing more serious, in stating and believing that the Sun, not the
Earth, was the center of the solar system? WOW! You'd be excommunicated
and strung up.
Since the planets revolve around the Sun ,and not the Earth, there can't be
any Keps. Keps are based on the Earth being the center of an orbiting
object. I should've recalled that. However, my thinking at the time was if
there are programs which display where to find planets in the sky, like
Starry Night, then there'd have to be a form of calculation to determine it.
I just thought of using the wrong type of calculation.
73,
Jeff WB3JFS
----- Original Message -----
From: "Robert Bruninga" <bruninga@xxxx.xxx>
To: "'Jeff Yanko'" <wb3jfs@xxx.xxx>; <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Sent: Friday, February 26, 2010 5:31 AM
Subject: RE: [amsat-bb] Planet Pseudo-Keps
>> Are there any pseudo-keps for the planets?
>
> Actually, the word planet comes from the meaning "wanderers"
> because that is what stumped the early astronomers thousands of
> years ago. They do not have regular motion about Earth... And
> Copernicus finally figured it out... They rotate around the sun.
>
> Bob
>
>
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 09:45:22 +0000 (GMT)
From: "Trevor ." <m5aka@xxxxx.xx.xx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] NASA - 2011/2012 CubeSat Launch Opportunities
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <622636.82480.qm@xxxxxxxx.xxxx.xxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
See
http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=139845
73 Trevor M5AKA
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 13:11:22 +0000
From: Nigel Gunn G8IFF/W8IFF <nigel@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <4B8919FA.3040709@xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed
You saying that if I lived on another planet or in another star system then
my satellites wouldn't have keps and I
couldn't use my software to track them?
That sounds rediculous.
On 27-Feb-10 09:43, Jeff Yanko wrote:
>
> Since the planets revolve around the Sun ,and not the Earth, there can't be
> any Keps. Keps are based on the Earth being the center of an orbiting
> object.
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 08:31:00 -0500 (EST)
From: "Bob Bruninga " <bruninga@xxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: "Nigel Gunn G8IFF/W8IFF" <nigel@xxxxx.xxx>, amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <20100227083100.ADP84000@xxxxx.xxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
>> Since the planets revolve around the Sun,
>> and not the Earth, there can't be any Keps.
>> Keps are based on the Earth being the
>> center of an orbiting object.
> You're saying that if I lived on another planet
> or in another star system then my satellites
> wouldn't have keps and I couldn't use my
> software to track them?... That sounds rediculous.
Yep. "keps" (as we use the term here regularly) either in AMSAT format or in
NASA two-line format are just inputs to an "Earth orbit" propogator that
predicts where a satellite is around Earth based on the laws of physics.
If you lived on Mars, and had a "Mars Orbit Propogator" then you could
download "Martian Keps" from the Martians and track Martian satellites. But
the Martian tracking program would not be able to track earth satellies,
just as ours Earth based programs cannot track theirs. Because the size and
mass of Mars is different from Earth, so the propogators have to be
different... or something like that. I'm on the limit of my meager
knowledge here...
Bob, Wb4APR
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 08:30:09 -0700
From: "Auke de Jong, VE6PWN" <sparkycivic@xxxx.xx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <002301cab7c1$bf0e7f90$6500a8c0@xxxxxxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
I would have to guess that this is entirely possible otherwise Mars and Moon
missions would be shots-in-the-dark. The software to do this is most likely
completely different from that which predicts simple satellites around one
planet. Tracking other planets relative to ours would be more like
predicting angles and velocities from one LEO to another LEO. The software
would need to contain the "keps" of the solar system, and then give results
from the perspective of one of the satellites. This software probably
already exists, but in the proprietary domain.
On second thought, the software that runs the fully-automated personal
telescopes already does most of this, except for the relative velocity part.
73's
Auke
----- Original Message -----
From: "Jeff Yanko" <wb3jfs@xxx.xxx>
To: <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Sent: Friday, February 26, 2010 2:09 AM
Subject: [amsat-bb] Planet Pseudo-Keps
Which brings to question. Are there any pseudo-keps for the
> planets?
>
>
> 73,
>
> Jeff WB3JFS
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 09:37:14 -0600 (CST)
From: Stephen Melachrinos <melachri@xxxxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID:
<1033490901.126954.1267285034710.JavaMail.root@xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Feb 27, 2010 08:43:51 AM, bruninga@xxxx.xxx wrote:
>>> Since the planets revolve around the Sun,
>>> and not the Earth, there can't be any Keps.
>>> Keps are based on the Earth being the
>>> center of an orbiting object.
>> You're saying that if I lived on another planet
>> or in another star system then my satellites
>> wouldn't have keps and I couldn't use my
>> software to track them?... That sounds rediculous.
>Yep. "keps" (as we use the term here regularly) either in AMSAT format or
in NASA two-line format
>are just inputs to an "Earth orbit" propogator that predicts where a
satellite is around Earth based
>on the laws of physics.
>If you lived on Mars, and had a "Mars Orbit Propogator" then you could
download "Martian Keps"
>from the Martians and track Martian satellites. But the Martian tracking
program would not be able
>to track earth satellies, just as ours Earth based programs cannot track
theirs. Because the size
>and mass of Mars is different from Earth, so the propogators have to be
different... or something
>like that. I'm on the limit of my meager knowledge here...
Bob (and Nigel) -
That's pretty accurate. Although the laws of physics apply universally
around all the planets, the specific implementations of orbit mechanics
software are location dependent. You gave one example--size and mass of the
Earth vs Mars. Other examples are the oblateness of the planet (how
flattened at the poles is Mars vs Earth) and the effects of other objects
such as the moon and other planets. (The effects of the earth's moon on an
earth-orbiting satellite will be different from the effects of Deimos and
Phobos on a Mars-orbiting satellite.)
Although the equations are all the same, most programs (that are publicly
distributed) "assumes" the earth as the core body, and embeds those
assumptions into the software. I think STK (Satellite Tool Kit) by
Analytical Graphics may have the ability to analyze non-Earth geometries,
but it's hardly within the realm of amateurs. (A full-up version costs
something like US$50,000.)
Steve
W3HF
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2010 18:59:21 -0600
From: Rocky Jones <orbitjet@xxxxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] NASA cubesats...
To: Amsat BB <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <COL106-W533582A13C2FFF39EA1666D63E0@xxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=30294
there are going to be more ballast payloads particularly as commercial ops
to the space station gens up. Just saw a thing today where almost all the
folks who are planning to do commercial ops are looking at ballast rides.
Robert G. Oler Life member AMSAT ARRL
_________________________________________________________________
Your E-mail and More On-the-Go. Get Windows Live Hotmail Free.
http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/201469229/direct/01/
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 10:41:06 -0600
From: "ve4yz" <ve4yz@xxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <8F48602B61894132A3AD3B8F2E7BBA13@xxxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Keplerian Elements have nothing to do with the Earth. To say it only
applies to earth orbiting objects would be like saying Newton's laws of
motion only apply to the earth.
They are mathematical descriptions of the motion of one body orbiting
another in an unperturbed orbit using the 6 degrees of freedom of the
orbiting body - i.e the 6 key elements of the keps.
They predate computers and software; circa 1605.
This not to say that they are universally applicable. Larger or smaller as
in galactic or subatomic with perturbed orbits - all bets are off.
------------------------------
Message: 10
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 12:27:41 -0500
From: "Ken Ernandes" <n2wwd@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: "'ve4yz'" <ve4yz@xxx.xxx>, <amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx>
Message-ID: <000e01cab7d2$2a99ad10$7fcd0730$@xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Your statement is correct, however there is an issue of context. Most
satellite tracking software uses Simplified General Perturbations No. 4
(SGP4) as an orbit propagator. SGP4 is one of several orbit propagation
algorithms that presume the Earth to be the central attracting body (as both
origin and major attracting mass). As such, the associated Keplerian
elements are in the context of an Earth-orbiting satellite as are the
corresponding output positions and velocities. This is a convenient
simplifying assumption for Earth-orbiting satellites and also since Earth
station coordinates use the center of the Earth as the origin.
Certainly, there are orbit propagation (and ephemeris interpolation) methods
that have a different (or a flexible choice of) attracting body (and
therefore a different origin and central mass). In using such an algorithm,
the software must also (1) know the mass of the central attracting body, (2)
compute the Earth's position relative to the origin (the attracting body)
and (3) also determine its orientation relative to (for example) the Sun's
coordinate system. This requires an additional translation (i.e., vector
subtraction) and a re-orientation (i.e., coordinate transformation). These
are fairly simple to code into a library and thus simple to use. However,
the software needs to have that additional logic already embedded.
I do not know of a method in which the Keplerian elements of a planet
orbiting the Sun could be used to produce any sort of meaningful answer in
software that propagates orbit using an Earth-centered propagator. Indeed,
there's nothing wrong with the physics, but one must pay attention to the
simplifying assumptions underlying the implemented algorithms.
-----Original Message-----
From: amsat-bb-bounces@xxxxx.xxx [mailto:amsat-bb-bounces@xxxxx.xxxx On
Behalf Of ve4yz
Sent: Saturday, February 27, 2010 11:41 AM
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
Keplerian Elements have nothing to do with the Earth. To say it only
applies to earth orbiting objects would be like saying Newton's laws of
motion only apply to the earth.
They are mathematical descriptions of the motion of one body orbiting
another in an unperturbed orbit using the 6 degrees of freedom of the
orbiting body - i.e the 6 key elements of the keps.
They predate computers and software; circa 1605.
This not to say that they are universally applicable. Larger or smaller as
in galactic or subatomic with perturbed orbits - all bets are off.
_______________________________________________
Sent via AMSAT-BB@xxxxx.xxx. Opinions expressed are those of the author.
Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!
Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
------------------------------
Message: 11
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 09:44:42 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Dzurilla <billdz.geo@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] working FO-29
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <515216.70638.qm@xxxxxxxx.xxxx.xxx.xxxxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
I tried to work FO-29 for the first time since it started working again but
must be doing something wrong. I could hear several stations loud and clear
but could not hear my own downlink. My radio is working fine with the other
sats, so it must be someone particular to FO-29. Did perhaps the uplink
change frequency or something?
73, Bill NZ5N
------------------------------
Message: 12
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 19:22:02 +0100
From: "PE0SAT" <pe0sat@xxxxx.xx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: working FO-29
To: "Bill Dzurilla" <billdz.geo@xxxxx.xxx>
Cc: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <20100227182202.B722D230CF@xx.xxxxx.xx>
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
On Sat, February 27, 2010 18:44, Bill Dzurilla wrote:
Hi Bill,
> I tried to work FO-29 for the first time since it started working again
> but must be doing something wrong. I could hear several stations loud
> and clear but could not hear my own downlink. My radio is working fine
> with the other sats, so it must be someone particular to FO-29. Did
> perhaps the uplink change frequency or something?
I don't now if you use tracking software,
but here is my FO-29 entry for SatPC32
FO-29,435850,145950.95,USB,LSB,REV,0,0,Transponder
FO-29,435795,0,CW,CW,NOR,0,0,Beacon
>
> 73, Bill NZ5N
>
73 Jan - PE0SAT
------------------------------
Message: 13
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2010 13:35:44 -0500
From: Joe Fitzgerald <jfitzgerald@xxxx.xxx.xxx>
Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Planet Pseudo-Keps
To: amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx
Message-ID: <4B896600.10809@xxxx.xxx.xxx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Auke de Jong, VE6PWN wrote:
>
> On second thought, the software that runs the fully-automated personal
> telescopes already does most of this, except for the relative velocity part.
>
>
The US government will do that for us via the JPL HORIZONS tracking
system http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons The data below show that as
this being written I should point my antennas to the south, a little
less than half way up from horizon to my zenith. Jupiter is moving away
from me at about six and a half kilometers per second, and a "dit"
leaving my keyer will take the better part of an hour to reach it's target.
No charge to use this, US hams pay for this with our taxes. That being
said you Canadians are welcome to send me cash gifts, and I will be glad
to pay the appropriate US income tax on it!
-Joe KM1P
******************************************************************************
*
Revised: Dec 17, 2009 Jupiter
599
PHYSICAL DATA (updated 2009-Jan-28):
Mass (10^24 kg) = 1898.13+-.19 Density (g/cm^3) = 1.326
Equat. radius (1 bar) = 71492+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 66854+-10
Volumetric mean radius= 69911+-6 km Flattening = 0.06487
Rotation period = 9h 55m 29.685s Rot. rate(10^-4 rad/s) = 1.75865
m = w^2a^3/GM = 0.089195 Hydrostatic flat., fh = 0.06509
Inferred rot. period = 9.894+-0.02 hr ks = 3*J2/m = 0.494
Mom. of inert. I/MRo^2= 0.254 I/MRo^2 (upper bound) = 0.267
Rocky core mass (Mc/M)= 0.0261 Y factor (He/H ratio) = 0.18+-0.04
GM (km^3/s^2) = 126,686,511 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +-100
Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 24.79 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 28.34
Geometric albedo = 0.52 Visual magnitude V(1,0)= -9.40
Vis. mag. (opposition)= -2.70 Obliquity to orbit = 3.12 deg
Sidereal orbit period = 11.862615 yr Sidereal orbit period = 4332.820 d
Mean daily motion = 0.0831294 deg/d Mean orbit velocity = 13.0697
km/s
Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 165+-5 K Heat flow/mass (x10^7) = 15 erg/gm*s
Planetary Solar Const = 50.5 W/m^2 Dipole tilt/offset =
9.6deg/0.1Rp
Escape velocity (km/s)= 59.5 Mag.dip.mom(gauss-Rp^3)= 4.2
Aroche(ice)/Rp = 2.76 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 740
******************************************************************************
*
******************************************************************************
*
Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sat Feb 27 10:15:04 2010 Pasadena, USA / Horizons
******************************************************************************
*
Target body name: Jupiter (599) {source: JUP230}
Center body name: Earth (399) {source: DE405}
Center-site name: (user defined site below)
******************************************************************************
*
Start time : A.D. 2010-Feb-10 17:00:00.0000 UT
Stop time : A.D. 2010-Feb-10 20:00:00.0000 UT
Step-size : 5 minutes
******************************************************************************
*
Target pole/equ : IAU_JUPITER {East-longitude -}
Target radii : 71492.0 x 71492.0 x 66854.0 km {Equator, meridian, pole}
Center geodetic : 288.845300,42.2925472,49.999402
{E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 288.845300,4762.18349,4303.3386 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : High-precision EOP model {East-longitude +}
Center radii : 6378.1 x 6378.1 x 6356.8 km {Equator, meridian, pole}
Target primary : Sun {source: DE405+DE408}
Interfering body: MOON (Req= 1737.400) km {source: DE405}
Deflecting body : Sun, EARTH {source: DE405}
Deflecting GMs : 1.3271E+11, 3.9860E+05 km^3/s^2
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format : HMS
Time format : CAL
RTS-only print : NO
EOP file : eop.100226.p100520
EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2010-FEB-26. PREDICTS->
2010-MAY-19
Units conversion: 1 AU= 149597870.691 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass (>38.000=NO), Daylight
(NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar Elongation ( 0.0,180.0=NO )
******************************************************************************
***********************************
Date__(UT)__HR:MN Azi_(a-appr)_Elev dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt APmag S-brt
delta deldot 1-way_LT
******************************************************************************
***********************************
$$SOE
2010-Feb-10 17:00 *m 163.9922 35.9868 867.85 184.19 -2.02 5.31
8.8974883901E+08 6.3227121 49.464711
2010-Feb-10 17:05 *m 165.4872 36.2310 871.25 167.40 -2.02 5.31
8.8975073674E+08 6.3287606 49.464817
2010-Feb-10 17:10 *m 166.9922 36.4517 874.35 150.38 -2.02 5.31
8.8975263628E+08 6.3348429 49.464922
2010-Feb-10 17:15 *m 168.5063 36.6486 877.14 133.15 -2.02 5.31
8.8975453766E+08 6.3409553 49.465028
2010-Feb-10 17:20 *m 170.0287 36.8215 879.61 115.74 -2.02 5.31
8.8975644087E+08 6.3470944 49.465134
2010-Feb-10 17:25 *m 171.5582 36.9700 881.74 98.16 -2.02 5.30
8.8975834593E+08 6.3532567 49.465240
2010-Feb-10 17:30 *m 173.0940 37.0941 883.54 80.44 -2.02 5.30
8.8976025284E+08 6.3594385 49.465346
2010-Feb-10 17:35 *m 174.6348 37.1934 884.98 62.60 -2.02 5.30
8.8976216161E+08 6.3656364 49.465452
2010-Feb-10 17:40 *m 176.1796 37.2679 886.07 44.67 -2.02 5.29
8.8976407224E+08 6.3718469 49.465558
2010-Feb-10 17:45 *m 177.7272 37.3175 886.79 26.68 -2.02 5.29
8.8976598473E+08 6.3780662 49.465664
2010-Feb-10 17:50 *m 179.2766 37.3420 887.15 8.64 -2.02 5.29
8.8976789909E+08 6.3842910 49.465771
2010-Feb-10 17:55 *t 180.8265 37.3415 887.15 -9.40 -2.02 5.28
8.8976981532E+08 6.3905176 49.465877
2010-Feb-10 18:00 *m 182.3758 37.3159 886.77 -27.44 -2.02 5.28
8.8977173341E+08 6.3967424 49.465984
2010-Feb-10 18:05 *m 183.9233 37.2653 886.03 -45.43 -2.02 5.27
8.8977365338E+08 6.4029620 49.466091
2010-Feb-10 18:10 *m 185.4680 37.1897 884.93 -63.36 -2.02 5.27
8.8977557520E+08 6.4091726 49.466197
2010-Feb-10 18:15 *m 187.0086 37.0893 883.48 -81.19 -2.02 5.27
8.8977749889E+08 6.4153709 49.466304
2010-Feb-10 18:20 *m 188.5441 36.9643 881.67 -98.90 -2.02 5.26
8.8977942444E+08 6.4215531 49.466411
2010-Feb-10 18:25 *m 190.0734 36.8147 879.52 -116.48 -2.02 5.26
8.8978135184E+08 6.4277158 49.466519
2010-Feb-10 18:30 *m 191.5955 36.6408 877.04 -133.88 -2.02 5.26
8.8978328108E+08 6.4338554 49.466626
2010-Feb-10 18:35 *m 193.1093 36.4429 874.24 -151.10 -2.02 5.25
8.8978521216E+08 6.4399685 49.466733
2010-Feb-10 18:40 *m 194.6139 36.2212 871.13 -168.11 -2.02 5.25
8.8978714507E+08 6.4460514 49.466841
2010-Feb-10 18:45 *m 196.1085 35.9760 867.72 -184.89 -2.02 5.25
8.8978907980E+08 6.4521008 49.466948
2010-Feb-10 18:50 *m 197.5921 35.7077 864.04 -201.43 -2.02 5.25
8.8979101634E+08 6.4581130 49.467056
2010-Feb-10 18:55 *m 199.0640 35.4166 860.08 -217.70 -2.02 5.25
8.8979295468E+08 6.4640847 49.467164
2010-Feb-10 19:00 *m 200.5234 35.1031 855.88 -233.69 -2.02 5.24
8.8979489480E+08 6.4700124 49.467271
2010-Feb-10 19:05 * 201.9698 34.7676 851.44 -249.38 -2.02 5.24
8.8979683669E+08 6.4758927 49.467379
2010-Feb-10 19:10 * 203.4023 34.4105 846.78 -264.78 -2.02 5.24
8.8979878034E+08 6.4817222 49.467488
2010-Feb-10 19:15 * 204.8206 34.0323 841.92 -279.85 -2.02 5.24
8.8980072573E+08 6.4874975 49.467596
2010-Feb-10 19:20 * 206.2242 33.6333 836.87 -294.60 -2.02 5.24
8.8980267285E+08 6.4932152 49.467704
2010-Feb-10 19:25 * 207.6125 33.2141 831.66 -309.02 -2.02 5.25
8.8980462167E+08 6.4988721 49.467812
2010-Feb-10 19:30 * 208.9853 32.7751 826.29 -323.09 -2.02 5.25
8.8980657218E+08 6.5044648 49.467921
2010-Feb-10 19:35 * 210.3423 32.3168 820.79 -336.82 -2.02 5.25
8.8980852435E+08 6.5099901 49.468029
2010-Feb-10 19:40 * 211.6831 31.8396 815.17 -350.20 -2.02 5.25
8.8981047818E+08 6.5154447 49.468138
2010-Feb-10 19:45 * 213.0077 31.3441 809.45 -363.23 -2.02 5.25
8.8981243363E+08 6.5208255 49.468247
2010-Feb-10 19:50 * 214.3158 30.8308 803.64 -375.91 -2.02 5.26
8.8981439068E+08 6.5261292 49.468355
2010-Feb-10 19:55 * 215.6074 30.3001 797.76 -388.24 -2.02 5.26
8.8981634931E+08 6.5313528 49.468464
2010-Feb-10 20:00 * 216.8824 29.7525 791.82 -400.21 -2.02 5.26
8.8981830950E+08 6.5364932 49.468573
$$EOE
******************************************************************************
***********************************
Column meaning:
TIME
Prior to 1962, times are UT1. Dates thereafter are UTC. Any 'b' symbol in
the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D.
date. Calendar dates prior to 1582-Oct-15 are in the Julian calendar system.
Later calendar dates are in the Gregorian system.
The uniform Coordinate Time scale is used internally. Conversion between
CT and the selected non-uniform UT output scale has not been determined for
UTC times after the next July or January 1st. The last known leap-second
is used over any future interval.
NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
SOLAR PRESENCE (OBSERVING SITE)
Time tag is followed by a blank, then a solar-presence symbol:
'*' Daylight (refracted solar upper-limb on or above apparent
horizon)
'C' Civil twilight/dawn
'N' Nautical twilight/dawn
'A' Astronomical twilight/dawn
' ' Night OR geocentric ephemeris
LUNAR PRESENCE WITH TARGET RISE/TRANSIT/SET MARKER (OBSERVING SITE)
The solar-presence symbol is immediately followed by another marker symbol:
'm' Refracted upper-limb of Moon on or above apparent horizon
' ' Refracted upper-limb of Moon below apparent horizon OR geocentric
'r' Rise (target body on or above cut-off RTS elevation)
't' Transit (target body at or past local maximum RTS elevation)
's' Set (target body on or below cut-off RTS elevation)
RTS MARKERS (TVH)
Rise and set are with respect to the reference ellipsoid true visual horizon
defined by the elevation cut-off angle. Horizon dip and yellow-light
refraction
(Earth only) are considered. Accuracy is < or = to twice the requested search
step-size.
Azi_(a-appr)_Elev =
Airless apparent azimuth and elevation of target center. Corrected for
light-time, the gravitational deflection of light, stellar aberration,
precession and nutation. Azimuth measured North(0) -> East(90) -> South(180)
->
West(270) -> North (360). Elevation is with respect to plane perpendicular
to local zenith direction. TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: DEGREES
dAZ*cosE d(ELV)/dt =
The rate of change of target center apparent azimuth and elevation
(airless). d(AZ)/dt is multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle.
TOPOCENTRIC ONLY. Units: ARCSECOND/MINUTE
APmag S-brt =
Target's approximate apparent visual magnitude & surface brightness. For
planets and satellites, values are available only for solar phase angles in
the
range generally visible from Earth. This is to avoid extrapolation of models
beyond their valid (data-based) limits. Units: NONE & VISUAL MAGNITUDES PER
SQUARE ARCSECOND
delta deldot =
Range ("delta") and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative
to the observer at the instant light seen by the observer at print-time would
have left the target center (print-time minus down-leg light-time); the
distance traveled by a light ray emanating from the center of the target and
recorded by the observer at print-time. "deldot" is a projection of the
velocity vector along this ray, the light-time-corrected line-of-sight from
the coordinate center, and indicates relative motion. A positive "deldot"
means
the target center is moving away from the observer (coordinate center). A
negative "deldot" means the target center is moving toward the observer.
Units: KM and KM/S
1-way_LT =
1-way down-leg light-time from target center to observer. The elapsed time
since light (observed at print-time) would have left or reflected off a point
at the center of the target. Units: MINUTES
Computations by ...
Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
Information: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Connect : telnet://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov:6775 (via browser)
telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 (via command-line)
******************************************************************************
***********************************
------------------------------
_______________________________________________
Sent via amsat-bb@xxxxx.xxx. Opinions expressed are those of the author.
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End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 5, Issue 97
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